MVC Architecture

 The MVC model stands for Model-View-Controller, a software architectural pattern used to separate an application into three main logical components. This helps in organizing code, improving modularity, and making it easier to manage and scale applications.

MVC Components

 1. Model

What it does: Manages the data, logic, and rules of the application.

Role: It directly manages the data, logic, and database interaction.

Example: In a student management system, the `Student` class or database table is part of the model.

 2. View

What it does: Handles the display of data (UI).

Role: Shows information to the user; gets data from the model.

Example: An HTML page that shows student details.

 3. Controller

What it does: Acts as an interface between Model and View.

Role: Receives user input, processes it (using the model), and updates the view accordingly.

Example: When a user submits a form, the controller processes the input and sends it to the model.

How MVC Works Together:

1. User interacts with the View (e.g., clicks a button).
2. Controller receives the input and decides what to do.
3. Controller updates the Model
4. Model changes its data and notifies the View.
5. View displays the updated data to the user.

MVC Architecture Flow:

1. User interacts with the View (UI).
2. View sends the user action to the Controller.
3. Controller processes the input and requests changes to the Model.
4. Model updates its state (data).
5. Model notifies the View of any changes.
6. View updates the UI based on the latest data from the Model.

Real-Life Example: (Login Page)

1. View: Login form with email and password fields.
2. Controller: Checks if the input is valid and sends it to the model.
3. Model: Checks the database for valid credentials.
4. View (updated): Shows success or error message.

Advantages of MVC:

1.  Separation of concerns – better code organization
2.  Easier to manage, scale, and debug
3.  Allows multiple developers to work on different components

Disadvantages of MVC:

1.  Can be complex for small applications
2.  Requires careful planning and understanding