Web development

 Web development is the process of creating websites and applications for the World Wide Web. It involves designing, building, testing, and maintaining websites. 

Types of web development

1. Front-end development
2. Back-end development
3. Full-stack development

Front-end development

The part of a website where the user interacts directly is termed as front end. This involves designing the structure, layout, and behavior of the website It is also referred to as the ‘client side’ of the application.

The part of the website that users see and interact with. This includes designing the layout, structure, and behavior of the website. 

Frontend Technologies

1. HTML: HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used to design the front end portion of web pages using markup language. It acts as a skeleton for a website since it is used to make the structure of a website.
2. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS is a simply designed language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. It is used to style our website.
3. JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language used to provide a dynamic behavior to our website.
4. Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a free and open-source tool collection for creating responsive websites and web applications. It is the most popular CSS framework for developing responsive, mobile-first websites. Nowadays, the websites are perfect for all browsers (IE, Firefox, and Chrome) and for all sizes of screens (Desktop, Tablets, Phablets, and Phones).

Frontend Frameworks

• React.js : A popular JavaScript library for building dynamic, component-based user interfaces.
• Angular : A full-fledged framework for building single-page applications (SPAs), with features like two-way data binding and dependency injection.
• Vue.js : A progressive JavaScript framework that is flexible and can be used for building both simple and complex user interfaces.

Back-end development

The server-side software that focuses on what users can't see on the website. This includes databases, application programming interfaces (APIs), and architecture. 

The Backbone of the Web. Backend is the server side of a website. It is part of the website that users cannot see and interact with. It is the portion of software that does not come in direct contact with the users. It is used to store and arrange data.

Server-side Programming Languages-

• PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development.
• Java: Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages. It is highly scalable.
• Python: Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
• Node.js: Node.js is an open source and cross-platform runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside a browser.
• Ruby: Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.
• C# : C# is a high-level, general-purpose programming language developed by Microsoft.

Databases

1. MySQL
2. PostgreSQL
3. MongoDB
4. MariaDB
5. SQLite

Full-stack development

The practice of designing, building, and maintaining the entire software stack of a web application. This includes both the front-end and back-end components. 

Full-stack development refers to the practice of developing both the frontend and backend of a website or web application. Full-stack developers have a deep understanding of both areas and can build end-to-end solutions.

Full Stack Technologies:

• MERN Stack : MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js
• MEAN Stack : MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, Node.js
• JAMstack : JavaScript, APIs, Markup
• Django Stack : Django, MySQL/PostgreSQL, HTML/CSS/JavaScript
• Spring Boot Stack : Spring Boot, MySQL/PostgreSQL, Java
• LAMP Stack : Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
• LEMP Stack : Linux, Engine-X, MySQL, PHP

Web development life cycle 

1. Gathering information
2. Planning
3. Design and layout
4. Content creation
5. Development
6. Testing, review, and launch
7. Maintenance and updation

Databases-

1. Relational Database : 

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems. It is most popular database. In it, data is store in the form of row that is in the form of tuple. It contain numbers of table and data can be easily accessed because data is store in the table. This Model was proposed by E.F. Codd. 

A relational database is a way of storing and organizing data that emphasizes precision and interconnection. Imagine it as a well-organized filing cabinet, where each drawer (table) holds neatly filed records (rows) categorized by specific information (columns).

These tables are the building blocks of a relational database. Each one represents a different type of data, like customer information or product details, and every row in a table is a distinct record with its own unique identifier.

What truly sets relational databases apart is their reliance on Structured Query Language (SQL), a powerful tool for interacting with the stored data. Imagine SQL as the librarian who knows exactly where every piece of information resides.

With SQL, users can execute complex queries, update data, and even manage access to the database. This combination of structured storage and robust querying makes relational databases a reliable choice for scenarios where data integrity and accuracy are paramount, such as financial transactions or inventory management.

2. NoSQL : 

NoSQL Database stands for a non-SQL database. NoSQL database doesn’t use table to store the data like relational database. It is used for storing and fetching the data in database and generally used to store the large amount of data. It supports query language and provides better performance.

NoSQL especially in scenarios where data is vast, varied, and rapidly changing. Imagine a toolset where each tool is specialized for a particular task — NoSQL offers this level of specialization in data management.

It handles various data formats, from documents and key-value pairs to complex graphs, making it ideal for applications dealing with unstructured or semi-structured data, like content management systems or big data analytics. At its core, NoSQL prioritizes speed and flexibility, sometimes at the expense of the strict consistency that relational databases uphold.

It’s particularly effective in environments where quick access to data is crucial, and the data structure may evolve over time. This makes NoSQL an appealing choice for emerging tech landscapes, where agility and the ability to process massive amounts of data quickly are key drivers of success.